Waiter, waiter. There's a fly in my soup.
服務(wù)員，服務(wù)員。我的湯里有只蒼蠅。
Shhh. Don't tell everybody. They'll want one too.
噓。別告訴別人。他們也會(huì)想要一只。
Today we're looking at how we use two really common and useful phrases — 'there is' and 'it is'. In some languages, you can translate both these phrases with just one phrase, so they can be confusing.
今天我們來學(xué)習(xí)如何使用兩個(gè)非常常見并且有用的短語——“there is”和“it is”。在一些語言中，你可以只用一個(gè)短語來翻譯這兩個(gè)短語，所以它們可能會(huì)讓人混淆。
Also, we can use 'there' and 'it' as dummy subjects in English, so we'll look at that too. Let's start with there is.
此外，我們可以用 there 和 it 作為英語中的形式主語，所以我們也會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)下這一點(diǎn)。讓我們從 there is 開始。
Oh no! There's a hole in my sock!
噢，不！我的襪子上有個(gè)洞！
Waiter. There's a fly in my soup.
服務(wù)員。我的湯里有只蒼蠅。
We use 'there is' to say something exists and if more than one thing exists, we say 'there are'. You know, there are three types of people in the world.
我們用 there is 來表示某物存在，如果不止一件事物存在，我們用 there are。你知道不，世界上有三種人。
Oh yes? There are people who can count. . . - Mmhmm.
哦，是嗎？有的人會(huì)數(shù)數(shù)…… - 是哦。
And there are people who can't. Mmhmm.
而有些人卻做不到。嗯嗯。
And? And what?
然后呢？然后什么？
So 'there is' is singular, and 'there are' is plural. Waiter.
所以 there is 表示單數(shù)，而 there are 表示復(fù)數(shù)。服務(wù)員。
Yes, madam. There's no soup on the menu today.
是的，夫人。今天的菜單上沒有湯。
That's right, madam. I cleaned all the menus this morning.
對的呀，夫人。今天早上我把所有的菜單都擦干凈了。
When we want to say things don't exist, we use a negative form. Now of course the word 'there' can have another meaning.
當(dāng)我們想說事物不存在的時(shí)候，我們用否定形式。當(dāng)然，there 這個(gè)詞還有另外一個(gè)意思。
Waiter, there's a fly in my soup. What's it doing there?
服務(wù)員，我的湯里有只蒼蠅。湯里怎么會(huì)有蒼蠅？
Ooo. It looks like the backstroke. The backstroke is a style of swimming where you lie on your back, but notice this other 'there'.
噢 。它看起來像是在仰泳。仰泳是一種游泳方式，你仰臥在水面去游，但要注意這里還有一個(gè) there。
It has a different meaning. It tells us the location of the fly.
這個(gè) there 有不同的含義。它告訴我們蒼蠅的位置。
When 'there' means a location, it usually comes at the end of a sentence. So where do you want to eat?
當(dāng) there 表示位置時(shí)，它通常出現(xiàn)在句末。那么你想在哪里吃飯呢？
Well, there's a MacDonald's over there, or there's a pub over there. Let's make it the pub.
哦，那邊有家麥當(dāng)勞，或者那邊有家酒吧。我們?nèi)ゾ瓢珊昧恕?/span>
OK. So 'there' can tell us where something is, but that's not the meaning we're looking at today.
好的。所以 there 可以告訴我們某物的位置，但這不是我們今天要學(xué)習(xí)的意思。
We're looking at this one, where 'there' tell us something exists. Most English sentences, start with a subject — the person or thing that does the action.
我們來看看這個(gè)，there 告訴我們某物存在。大多數(shù)英語句子都以主語開頭——實(shí)施行為的人或物。
For example, I complained to the waiter. 'I' am the subject and I do the action.
例如，我向服務(wù)員抱怨。“我”是主語，我實(shí)施的行為。
The verb is complain and then we say who or what received the action. That's a normal way of making an English sentence.
動(dòng)詞是“抱怨”，然后我們說誰或什么接受了這個(gè)行為。這是構(gòu)成英語句子的一種常見方式。
But it's not the pattern we follow to say something exists. We don't say 'A hole is in my sock' or 'A fly is in my soup'.
但這并不是我們說某物存在會(huì)用的模式。我們不會(huì)說“襪子里有個(gè)洞”或者“湯里有只蒼蠅”。
We could but it's not natural. To say something exists, we say 'there'.
我們可以那樣說，但這不自然。要說某物存在，我們會(huì)用 there。
So there is a kind of dummy subject here. Dummy means it's not real.
所以這里的 there 是一個(gè)形式主語。Dummy 的意思是它不是真實(shí)的。
It's just a copy of a subject. OK, that's enough grammar.
它只是一個(gè)主語的替代。好了，語法講完了。
Let's look at 'it is' now. We use 'it is' to refer to something that we already know about.
現(xiàn)在讓我們來看看“it is”。我們用 it is 來指代我們已經(jīng)知道的事情。
There's someone at the door. It. . . It's Jay!
有人在門口。是杰啊！
This is a typical pattern. We use 'there is' the first time we mention something to introduce it, and after that we say 'it is'.
這是個(gè)典型的使用模式。當(dāng)我們第一次提到某件事來介紹它時(shí)，我們用 there is，之后再提起時(shí)我們用 it is。
Another example. OK, great, thank you. Bye.
再看一個(gè)例子。好的，很好，謝謝你。再見。
There's a meeting tomorrow. It starts at two.
明天有個(gè)會(huì)議。兩點(diǎn)鐘開始。
Good. So there and it refer to the same thing — the meeting.
好的。所以 there 和 it 指的是同一件事——會(huì)議。
There refers forward and it refers back. The same thing happens with plurals, except we say 'there' and 'they'.
there 在前一句指代，it 在后一句指代。復(fù)數(shù)也是一樣的，只是我們說的是 there 和 they。
Waiter. Waiter. There are two flies in my wine.
服務(wù)員。服務(wù)員。我的酒里有兩只蒼蠅。
Don't worry, madam. They're very small, so I don't think they drank much.
別擔(dān)心，夫人。它們個(gè)頭很小，所以我想他們沒喝多少。
'There' refers forward. 'They' refers back.
There 在前一句指代。They 在后一句指代。
So here's the thing to remember. 'There' introduces a topic.
所以下面是要記住的內(nèi)容?！甌here’引出一個(gè)話題。
And then 'it' or 'they' refer back. Easy huh?
然后 it 或 they 指代回這個(gè)話題。很簡單吧？
OK, now let's move up a level. Do you remember how 'there' works as a kind of dummy subject?
好的，現(xiàn)在讓我們再進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)。你還記得 there 是如何充當(dāng)形式主語的嗎？
It's the same with 'it'. 'It' is the subject in lots of common expressions.
It 也是一樣的。It 是很多常見表達(dá)的主語。 eu dic
Let's watch some examples and see if you spot it? It's a terrible day, but it'll be nice by the weekend.
讓我們來看一些例子，看看你是否發(fā)現(xiàn)了它？今天天氣真糟糕，但到周末就會(huì)變好的。
It's really hot and sunny today. I think it's 90 degrees.
今天真的很熱，陽光燦爛。我想有九十華氏度。（約32.2攝氏度）
We use it as a dummy subject to talk about the weather. So, it's hot.
我們用 it 作為談?wù)撎鞖獾男问街髡Z。那么，天氣很熱。
It's sunny. It's raining.
天很晴朗。下雨了。
And temperatures — so it's 90 degrees. OK, now some other situations.
還有溫度——有九十華氏度。好了，現(xiàn)在來看一些其他情況。
Ah. What's the matter?
啊。你怎么了？
It's Monday again. I hate Mondays.
今天又是星期一。我討厭星期一。
Let's see. It's the 14th today, so let's meet on the 17th. What's the time?
我們來看看。今天是14號，我們就17號見吧。幾點(diǎn)了？
It's 5 'clock. Oh, I can go home!
五點(diǎn)了。噢，我可以回家了！
We use 'it' to talk about days, dates, and times of the clock. OK, here are your last examples.
我們用 it 來談?wù)撔瞧趲?、日期和時(shí)鐘的時(shí)間。好了，這是最后一個(gè)例子。
See if you can see a pattern here. Jason, it's lovely to see you again. - It's great to be here.
看看你能不能從中看出規(guī)律。杰森，很高興又見到你。 - 我很高興來這里。
They're digging up our street. It's hard to concentrate with all the noise.
他們正在挖我們這條街。這么大的噪音，很難集中精神。
It's very cold in here. Can we put the heating up?
這里很冷。我們可以開暖氣嗎？
Why? It's very comfortable. It's awful eating here.
為什么？感覺非常舒服啊。在這里吃飯?bào)w驗(yàn)太差了。
The waiter's terrible! It's a pity you have to go.
服務(wù)員真是太差勁了！真可惜你要走了。
I'll be back soon. Bye Jason. - Bye-bye.
我很快就會(huì)再來的。再見，杰森。 - 再見。
So it's lovely, it's great, it's hard, it's cold, it's comfortable, it's awful, it's a pity. We can use it's to give our opinion and comment on a situation or place.
所以 it 作為形式主語，可以說“很可愛，很棒，很艱難，很冷，很舒服，很糟糕，很遺憾”。我們可以用 it's 來對某一情況或某一地方發(fā)表我們的意見和評論。 eu dic
So you can use 'it' as a dummy subject to say what you think about a situation that you're in. And that's it.
所以你可以用“it”作為形式主語，來表達(dá)你對自己所處的環(huán)境的看法。內(nèi)容就這些了。
Oh, that's another expression with 'it'. When I say 'that's it', I mean we've finished.
哦，這是另一個(gè)帶有 it 的表達(dá)方式。當(dāng)我說 that's it 的時(shí)候，我的意思是我們講完了。
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如果你喜歡本期視頻，請與朋友分享。也請訂閱我們的頻道，以免錯(cuò)過我們以后更新的視頻。
It's great to have your support! Bye.
很高興能有你的支持！拜拜。
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